Maat Mons - Highest Volcano on Venus

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Maat Mons is a massive shield volcano that erupts every few thousand years. On Venus, it is the planet's second-highest mountain, as well as its highest volcano. At 0.5°N 194.6°E, it rises 8 kilometers (5.0 miles) above the mean planetary radius and nearly 5 kilometers above the plains around it. Ma'at, the Egyptian goddess of truth and justice, is the inspiration for the name.

Maat Mons has a large summit caldera with a diameter of 28×31 kilometers. There are at least five smaller collapse craters within the large caldera, each measuring up to 10 kilometers in diameter. A 40-kilometer-long chain of small craters measuring 3–5 km in diameter runs along the volcano's southeast flank, but instead of indicating a large fissure eruption, they appear to have been formed by collapse: full-resolution imagery from the Magellan probe shows no evidence of lava flows from these craters. On Maat Mons, at least two large-scale structural collapse events appear to have occurred in the past.

Figure 1 Maat Mons is about 0.9 degrees north latitude and 194.5 degrees east longitude, with a peak rising to 8 kilometers (5 miles) above the mean surface. Maat Mons is named after Maat, the Egyptian Goddess of Justice and Truth. To create a three-dimensional map of the surface, Magellan synthetic aperture radar data is combined with radar altimetry. The image is a single frame from a video released at the April 22, 1992 news conference and was created by the JPL Multimission Image Processing Laboratory's Solar System Visualization Project and the Magellan Science team.

In the form of ash flows near the summit and on the northern flank, the Magellan probe's radar sounding revealed evidence of comparatively recent volcanic activity at Maat Mons. The Pioneer Venus probes' atmospheric studies in the early 1980s revealed a significant variation in sulphur dioxide (SO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations in Venus' middle and upper atmosphere, which piqued the interest of planetary geologists. The injection of volcanic gases into the atmosphere by Plinian eruptions at Maat Mons could be one explanation.

Recent research has suggested that the volcano structure, lava flow distribution, pit craters, summit morphology and other small-scale features on Maat Mons are indicative of recent volcanic activity. Despite the fact that many lines of evidence suggest Venus is volcanically active, current eruptions at Maat Mons have yet to be confirmed.

Location: Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan

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